Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies for adsorption of As(III) on activated alumina. In such water, iron (II) and iron (III) compounds were present (Table 1). The value of the electrokinetic potential (ζ) for groundwater was −14.3 mV, and in the case of surface water −10.47 mV. The analysis of the obtained results showed that iron compounds and organic substances were removed to the greatest extent by the coagulation process, which also had a significant influence on the final efficiency of water treatment. The aim of this work was to determine whether the presence of iron ions in highly basic polyaluminium chlorides and increasing the pH of the water during the coagulation process influences the final efficiency of purifying water obtained in the entire technological process due to the possibility of creating additional colloidal or dissolved iron-organic complexes between organic substances present in the water and iron ions introduced along with the coagulant.

The efficiency of lowering UV254 is, on the other hand, determined by the presence of Al13 and precipitated forms, whereas the decrease in water turbidity is influenced mainly by the forms of precipitated aluminum. In solutions of polyaluminium chlorides, there are more polymerized forms with a high positive charge than among the products of the hydrolysis of coagulants that had not been subjected to pre-hydrolysis. TOC reached values of 8.231 mgC/L, DOC 7.827 mgC/L, and UV254 and UV272 absorption-19.338 and 16.165 m−1, which indicates that organic substances containing aromatic rings, which are characterized by a high potential of forming oxidation or disinfection by-products, were present among the dissolved substances in the purified water. It was shown that the degree of removing DOC depends on the content of Al13. Based on the obtained research results, the effectiveness of removing organic substances, as well as iron compounds from water in individual processes of the technological system was determined. In the process of removing iron compounds from the model water, comparable results were achieved both with magnetized and control water by quartz sand.

7. Skoczko, I.; Piekutin, J.; Roszczenko, A. Removal of iron and manganese compounds from water. Sun, X.; Wang, C.; Zhang, J.; Chen, Z.; Yu, T.; Xu, G.; Xiao, J. Simultaneous Mixotrophic Nitrate Removal and Phosphorus Removal in a Sponge-Iron Denitrifying Filter. 24. Li, L.; Zhang, B.; Shi, J.; He, J.; Zhang, W.; Yan, W.; Li, M.; Tang, C.; Li, H. Concurrent vanadate and ammonium abatement in a membrane biofilm reactor. 29. Shi, Y.; Liu, T.; Yu, H.; Quan, X. Enhancing anoxic denitrification of low C/N ratio wastewater with novel ZVI composite carriers. 25. Wang, Z.; Wang, H.; Ma, L. Iron shavings supported biological denitrification in sequencing batch reactor. Effect of zero-valent iron on biological denitrification in the autotrophic denitrification system. Szatylowicz E, Skoczko I. Magnetic Field Usage for the Removal of Iron by Filtration-Assisted Different Filter Materials. The filter material more susceptible to the influence of the MF was activated alumina, in comparison to the quartz sand.

The tested process was filtration through a quartz sand bed with a grain size of 0.4-0.8 mm. Precipitated iron (ferric hydroxide), formed when soluble ferrous iron is oxidized by oxygen in the air, is a gelatinous, sticky material that tends to adhere to the beads or particles in a softener bed. The main job of a water softener is to remove hard minerals (calcium and magnesium) by swapping them with sodium ions on a charged resin bed. The valve has a housing formed in two main parts, a lower housing body 96 and an upper housing body 98. Three bolts 100 each with washer 102 sandwiched between the bodies 96 and 98 secure the housing bodies to one another and set an annular gap 104 around the side of the valve. Slowly open the bypass valve. 21. Huang, C.-P.; Wang, H.-W.; Chiu, P.-C. It is possible to intensify the removal of organic substances from water during coagulation through the application of optimal parameters of the process, including the type and dose of coagulant as well as the optimal pH, time, and mixing intensity. The reason behind the formation of colored iron-organic complexes during coagulation using PAXXL1911 coagulant was the high pH (approx.

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